Flying Gurnard

Overview

The Flying Gurnard (Dactylopterus volitans) is a unique, bottom-dwelling marine fish found in tropical and warm temperate waters across the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Despite its name and the historical belief that it could fly, this species is too heavy for aerial flight and spends its time navigating the seafloor. It is easily recognized by its striking, oversized pectoral fins that resemble wings when spread.

Appearance

This species features a robust, elongated body with a distinct, armored head. Its most notable characteristic is its massive, fan-like pectoral fins, which are often brightly colored or patterned. The front portion of these fins is separated into a small, finger-like lobe used to explore the substrate. The fish's overall coloration is typically mottled, helping it blend into sandy or rocky bottoms.

Distribution & habitat

Flying Gurnards are widely distributed on both sides of the Atlantic, ranging from Canada and the United States down to Argentina in the west, and from the English Channel to Angola in the east, including the Mediterranean Sea. They are primarily demersal, favoring sandy, muddy, or rocky seabeds where they can forage. While adults are typically found in coastal areas, including near coral reefs and occasionally in brackish river mouths, juveniles are known to be pelagic.

Biology & behavior

This fish is a bottom-dweller that moves by slowly crawling along the seabed using the free rays of its pectoral fins. When threatened or excited, it may spread its large "wings" to appear larger to potential predators. It is considered harmless to humans and lacks venomous glands.